Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X) nerves are similar in location and function.

Both nerves receive SE axons from the nucleus ambiguus (to innervate muscles of the pharynx, larynx, & esophagus).

Both nerves receive VE neurons from the parasympathetic nucleus of X or a cranial extension of the nucleus (caudal salivatory nucleus for nerve IX).

Both nerves convey GVA and SVA (taste) axons to the solitary tract and its associated nucleus of the solitary tract.