Anatomically, the lower urinary tract consists of the urinary bladder and urethra plus the caudal ureter. Three urinary bladder regions are:
      apex = cranial blind end;
      neck = funnel-shaped region between ureter openings and urethra; and
      body = region situated between the neck and apex.

The female urethra terminates in the vestibule, a urogenital chamber. The urinary smooth muscle sphincter occupies the bladder neck and cranial half of the urethra. The striated urethral sphincter occupies the caudal half of the urethra.

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