Cat dissection, the head is to the left: Thoracolumbar deep fascia and certain hypaxial muscles have been reflected to reveal epaxial muscles on the left side. Identify thoracic and lumbar components of the iliocostalis system (1) and four components (capitis, cervicis, thoracis and lumborum) of the longissimus system (2). In the lumbar region, the iliocostalis and longissimus systems are fused and a tail muscle, the sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis m. (asterisk), is present. The transversospinalis system (3 and 4) includes distinct muscles in the neck: splenius (5) and semispinalis capitis. The latter has two components: biventer m. (6) and complexus m. (7).

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