Neuromodulation Nuclei

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Figure 18—15. Schematic drawing of neuromodulatory nuclei, color coded by the type of neurotransmitter released by neurons comprising the nuclei: acetycholine (purple), dopamine (brown), serotonin (green) and norepinephrine (orange). Although their axons are widely distributed to the brain and spinal cord, neuromodulatory nuclei are relatively small and concentrated in the midbrain and pons. (ldt n. = laterodorsal tegmental nucleus; lc n. = locus ceruleus nucleus; pp n. = pedunculopontine nucleus; SNc = substantia nigra pars compacta; vta = ventral tegmental area)

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